Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a pretty common infection that can affect your fingernails and toenails. It’s typically caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds. Not pretty, and definitely not fun!
If you’re dealing with nail fungus, you’ve probably been looking at different treatment options. One popular choice is a nail fungus serum. These serums are topical treatments designed to penetrate the nail and target the infection directly. Many contain ingredients like tea tree oil, undecylenic acid, or tolnaftate.
This article will cover everything you need to know about nail fungus, including the causes, symptoms, and how it’s diagnosed. We’ll also explore various treatment options, with a special focus on nail fungus serum, and discuss what you can do to prevent future infections.
What is Nail Fungus? Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Nail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is a common condition that can make your nails look and feel pretty awful. But what causes it, how do you know if you have it, and how is it diagnosed?
Causes and Risk Factors
Most often, nail fungus comes from dermatophytes. These organisms love keratin, which is what your nails are made of. Two common dermatophytes are Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Sometimes, nail fungus is caused by yeasts and molds, such as Candida.
Some things make you more likely to get nail fungus, such as:
- Older age
- Diabetes
- Poor circulation
- Nail injuries
- Sweaty feet
Recognizing the Symptoms
Nail fungus can show up in a few different ways:
- Your nail might get thicker.
- It might change color (yellow, brown, or white).
- It could get brittle, crumbly, or ragged.
- The shape might look distorted.
- In some cases, the nail might separate from the nail bed.
How Nail Fungus is Diagnosed
It’s important to get a professional diagnosis if you think you have nail fungus. You might think you know what it is, but it’s always best to be sure.
A doctor will usually:
- Look closely at your nail.
- Take a nail clipping to look at under a microscope (called a KOH preparation).
- Send a nail sample for a fungal culture to see exactly what kind of fungus is growing.
Nail Fungus Serums: Ingredients, How They Work, and How Well They Work
Nail fungus serums are a popular over-the-counter treatment, but do they really work? Here’s a look at what’s in them, how they’re supposed to work, and how effective they are.
Key Ingredients in Nail Fungus Serums
You’ll find a variety of ingredients in nail fungus serums, including:
- Antifungal agents: These kill the fungus. Common over-the-counter options include tolnaftate, clotrimazole, and miconazole. Prescription options like terbinafine and ciclopirox might be available in serum form, but you’ll need to ask your doctor.
- Penetration enhancers: These ingredients soften the nail so the antifungal ingredients can penetrate better. Examples include urea, lactic acid, and salicylic acid.
- Natural remedies: Some serums include tea tree oil, which has antifungal and antiseptic properties, or undecylenic acid, derived from castor oil, which is also an antifungal. Other essential oils like lavender and clove are sometimes added.
How Nail Fungus Serums Work
Nail fungus serums, such as a toenail fungus pen like Lunavia, are applied directly to the affected nail. The challenge is getting the medication through the dense nail plate to reach the fungus underneath.
Antifungal agents work by disrupting the fungus’s cell membranes, stopping its growth. To be effective, serums need to be applied consistently, usually daily or twice daily.
Assessing How Well Serums Work
How well a serum works depends on several factors:
- How severe the infection is
- What type of fungus is causing the infection
- How consistently the serum is applied
- The serum’s ingredients and how well they penetrate the nail
Clinical studies on the effectiveness of specific serum ingredients are limited, and results can vary. Keep in mind that other treatment options are available, including oral medications like terbinafine and itraconazole, prescription topical medications like ciclopirox lacquer (such as Jublia), and laser therapy.
Choosing and Using Nail Fungus Serums: A Practical Guide
If you’re ready to purchase a nail fungus serum, and are considering Dr. Scholl’s, here are some tips for choosing and using it effectively, including what the reviews say.
What to look for
When you’re shopping for a nail fungus serum, keep these things in mind:
- Ingredients and their effectiveness. Look for serums that contain proven antifungal ingredients and penetration enhancers, which help the medication get to the source of the infection.
- Application. Choose a serum that comes with an applicator you’ll find easy to use, such as a brush or dropper.
- Reviews. Read reviews from other people who have used the product to see if they are satisfied with it.
- Price and value. Compare prices and consider how much serum you’re getting for the price.
How to apply a nail fungus serum
Follow these steps for applying nail fungus serum:
- Wash the affected nail and dry it thoroughly.
- Carefully file down any thickened areas of the nail.
- Apply a thin layer of serum to the entire nail and surrounding skin.
- Allow the serum to dry completely before putting on socks or shoes.
- Wash your hands after applying the serum.
- Don’t share nail clippers or files with others to avoid spreading the infection.
Side effects and precautions
Topical nail fungus serums can sometimes cause side effects such as skin irritation, redness, itching, or burning.
If your symptoms get worse, or if you don’t see any improvement after several weeks, talk to your doctor. You should also consult a doctor before using a nail fungus serum if you have diabetes or other health conditions.
Complementary therapies and prevention strategies
Complementary therapies
Some people like to use home remedies in addition to nail fungus serums. For example, you may read about people who soak their feet in vinegar. It’s okay to try these things, but remember that they’re not a substitute for medical treatment. If you’re dealing with a stubborn case of nail fungus, a serum or prescription medication is your best bet.
Preventing nail fungus infections
To prevent nail fungus from developing, make sure to:
- Keep your nails short, dry, and clean.
- Wear socks and shoes that allow your feet to breathe.
- Avoid walking barefoot in public places like swimming pools and locker rooms.
- Disinfect your nail clippers and files on a regular basis.
- Don’t share personal items like towels and shoes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What deficiency causes nail fungus?
While no single vitamin or mineral deficiency directly causes nail fungus, a weakened immune system due to deficiencies (like iron or certain vitamins) can make you more susceptible. A healthy immune system is better equipped to fight off fungal infections. It’s always a good idea to consult a doctor to rule out any underlying health issues.
Should I wear socks to bed with toenail fungus?
Generally, it’s best to avoid wearing socks to bed if you have toenail fungus. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments. Leaving your feet exposed to air overnight helps keep them dry and less hospitable to the fungus. If you must wear socks, choose breathable cotton ones and change them before bed if your feet are sweaty.
Why does Vicks VapoRub work on nail fungus?
Vicks VapoRub contains ingredients like camphor, eucalyptus oil, and menthol, which have antifungal properties and can help suppress fungal growth. While it’s not a guaranteed cure, some people find that regular application can improve the appearance of the affected nail. Think of it as a potential, albeit unconventional, supporting treatment.
What worsens toenail fungus?
Several factors can worsen toenail fungus, including wearing tight-fitting shoes that restrict airflow, having sweaty feet, not drying your feet thoroughly after showering or swimming, wearing the same shoes repeatedly without allowing them to dry out, and having underlying health conditions like diabetes or a weakened immune system. It’s all about creating an environment that favors fungal growth.
What not to do with toenail fungus?
Avoid ignoring the problem, as it can spread to other nails or even other people. Don’t share nail clippers or files, and don’t cover up the infected nail with nail polish, as this traps moisture and worsens the condition. Also, avoid walking barefoot in public places like locker rooms or swimming pools, where fungal infections are more common.
To Conclude
Nail fungus is caused by a fungal infection that can lead to thickened, discolored, or brittle nails. A doctor can diagnose nail fungus by examining the nail and taking a sample to confirm the infection. Treatment options range from prescription oral medications and topical treatments to over-the-counter nail fungus serums, which can help manage mild infections.
It’s important to seek treatment early to prevent the infection from spreading and causing further problems. Talk to your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.