Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection that can affect your toenails or fingernails. It is estimated that around 10% of adults experience nail fungus, and it can range from a mild annoyance to a more serious condition.
This article focuses on light nail fungus, where the symptoms are often subtle and less severe than in more advanced cases. With light nail fungus, it can be tempting to ignore the symptoms. However, early detection and treatment are key to preventing the infection from worsening and spreading.
We’ll explore the causes of light nail fungus, how to recognize the symptoms, how it’s diagnosed, what treatment options are available, and, most importantly, how to prevent it from happening in the first place.
What causes light nail fungus?
Nail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is caused by microscopic organisms. Here are some causes and risk factors:
Fungal Organisms Responsible
Most nail fungus infections are caused by dermatophytes. Dermatophytes are fungi that thrive on keratin, the protein that makes up your nails and skin. Yum!
Other culprits can include yeasts such as Candida, and molds that are not dermatophytes.
Risk Factors Contributing to Infection
Some things make it more likely that you’ll get a nail fungus:
- Minor nail injuries or trauma. An injury, even a small one, can create an opening in your nail that lets fungi in.
- Exposure to moist environments. Public pools, showers, and gyms are often breeding grounds for fungi.
- Underlying health conditions. Diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and a weakened immune system can make you more susceptible to nail fungus.
- Age and genetics. Older adults are more likely to get nail fungus, and some people may inherit a predisposition to it.
What are the signs of light nail fungus?
Nail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is a common condition that begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper, nail fungus may cause your nail to discolor, thicken, and crumble at the edge.
Common Symptoms
Mild nail fungus often shows up as a subtle discoloration of the nail. You might notice white, yellow, or brown spots or streaks.
The nail might get slightly thicker or change shape a little. It might lift up from the nail bed or look distorted.
The edges of the nail may look brittle or crumbly.
Often, in the early stages, there’s no pain or discomfort.
How is nail fungus diagnosed?
If you think you have nail fungus, the best thing to do is see a healthcare professional. A doctor or podiatrist can take a look and let you know for sure.
To confirm the diagnosis, they’ll probably want to do some lab tests. This usually means taking a small sample of your nail by clipping or scraping it.
Then, they’ll use tests like microscopy, fungal culture, or PCR to figure out exactly what kind of fungus is causing the problem.
It’s important to make sure it’s really nail fungus and not something else. Other conditions like psoriasis, nail trauma, and bacterial infections can look a lot like nail fungus.
Treatment options for light nail fungus
If you have a mild case of nail fungus, there are several treatment options to consider.
Topical antifungal medications
Topical treatments, such as ciclopirox and amorolfine, work by stopping the fungus from growing. You apply the medication directly to the nail, following the instructions carefully. It’s important to use the medication consistently for the entire treatment period, which can last for several months.
Topical treatments are generally more effective for mild infections that affect a small part of the nail.
Oral antifungal medications
Oral medications, such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, work from the inside out to kill the fungus. Your doctor will determine the dosage and duration of treatment. It’s important to be aware that these medications can have potential side effects, including liver-related issues. Your doctor will likely monitor your liver function during treatment.
Oral medications are usually recommended for more severe infections or when topical treatments haven’t worked.
Home remedies and alternative therapies
There are many over-the-counter treatments available for nail fungus, but their effectiveness is limited, and it’s worth researching options like Emuaid. Some people try home remedies, such as vinegar soaks or tea tree oil, or even consider an herbal nail fungus soak. While there’s anecdotal evidence that these remedies can help, there’s not much scientific proof, and they may come with risks.
Surgical options
In some cases, nail removal may be necessary. This is usually reserved for severe infections that don’t respond to other treatments.
Laser therapy
Laser therapy is a newer treatment option for nail fungus. Early results are promising, but more research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness.
How to prevent nail fungus and keep your nails healthy
Whether you’ve had nail fungus once or many times, you might be wondering how to keep it from coming back. Here are some reliable strategies for preventing nail fungus:
Hygiene habits
- Wash your hands and feet regularly.
- Keep your nails clean and dry.
- Trim your nails straight across to help prevent ingrown toenails.
- Wear breathable shoes made of natural materials and socks that wick away moisture.
Avoid exposure to fungi
- Wear shower shoes in public showers and around pools to protect your feet from fungi.
- Don’t share nail clippers, files, or other personal grooming items.
Live a healthy lifestyle
- Eat a balanced diet that supports your immune system.
- Work with your healthcare provider to manage diabetes and other conditions that increase your risk of fungal infections.
Frequently Asked Questions
What can be mistaken for toenail fungus?
A few things can mimic the appearance of toenail fungus. Psoriasis can cause nail thickening and discoloration, as can nail injuries from stubbing your toe. Sometimes, simple aging can lead to nail changes that look similar to a fungal infection. It’s always best to get a proper diagnosis from a doctor or podiatrist to be sure.
Should I cut away nail fungus?
Trimming your nails regularly is important, but cutting away the fungus itself isn’t recommended. You could accidentally injure the skin around the nail, increasing the risk of infection. Instead, file down thickened areas gently and keep the nail clean and dry.
How do you treat mild nail fungus?
For mild cases, topical antifungal medications are often the first line of defense. These are available over-the-counter or by prescription. Consistent application is key, and it can take several months to see results. Good hygiene practices, like keeping your feet clean and dry, are also important.
Is it bad to pick at toenail fungus?
Yes, picking at toenail fungus is definitely a no-no! It can spread the infection to other nails or even your skin. Plus, you risk introducing other bacteria, which could lead to a more serious infection. Resist the urge and stick to proper treatment methods.
Can nail fungus go away naturally?
While it’s technically possible for a very mild, superficial nail fungus to clear up on its own, it’s pretty rare. Nail fungus tends to be stubborn and progressive. Treatment is usually necessary to eradicate the infection completely and prevent it from spreading or worsening.
Closing Thoughts
Nail fungus is caused by a fungal infection. Signs of a light nail fungus infection include discoloration, thickening, and brittleness. To diagnose nail fungus, your doctor will examine your nails and possibly take a sample to send to a lab. Treatments range from over-the-counter and prescription topical medications to oral medications, and even laser therapy, with newer options like Jaysuing 7 Days emerging. You can prevent nail fungus with good hygiene and healthy lifestyle choices.
The earlier you catch nail fungus, the easier it is to treat. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you suspect you have a nail fungus infection. Good hygiene and healthy habits go a long way toward keeping your nails healthy and fungus-free.