Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection. It’s more likely to develop in toenails than fingernails.
Sometimes, nail fungus can appear black, leading people to call it “black fungus toenail,” though the color can vary.
If you suspect you have a black fungus toenail, this article will provide you with information about its symptoms, causes, risk factors, and prevention. Plus, we’ll discuss when you should seek medical attention for nail fungus.
Understanding nail fungus
What is nail fungus?
Nail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is a fungal infection of the nail. It can affect fingernails or toenails, but it’s more common on the toes.
Nail fungus can develop when microscopic fungi get between your nail and your nail bed. These fungi include dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds.
What is black fungus on toenails?
When toenails are infected with fungus, they may change color and get thick or crumbly. Typically, the nails turn yellow or brown. But in some cases, the nails may turn dark brown or black.
Black toenail fungus may mean a certain kind of mold is involved or that the fungal infection has advanced. Molds like Scopulariopsis brevicaulis or Alternaria can cause black toenail fungus.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Toenail fungus, in general, causes some pretty noticeable changes to your nails. You might see:
- Thickened nails
- Discoloration (usually yellow or white, but sometimes black)
- Nails that are brittle, crumbly, or ragged
- Nails that are misshapen
- Separation of the nail from the nail bed
- A bad odor
When you’re dealing with a black fungus toenail, the most obvious sign is the dark discoloration. It might be black, dark brown, or even a dark green. In more advanced cases, the nail damage can be pretty significant, potentially leading to more pain and discomfort.
What causes black fungus on toenails?
Several types of organisms can cause nail fungus, including dermatophytes, yeast, bacteria, and molds.
Some molds are more likely to cause the black discoloration sometimes seen in fungal nails.
Risk factors
The following things can make you more likely to get a toenail fungal infection:
- Older age
- Wearing sweaty shoes regularly
- Having athlete’s foot
- Spending time in damp public places, such as swimming pools, gyms, and showers
- Injuring your skin or nails
- Having psoriasis
- Having diabetes
- Having a weakened immune system
Potential complications
If you leave a fungal toenail infection untreated, it can lead to:
- Pain and discomfort
- Permanent damage to the nail
- Spread of the infection to other nails or the skin around your toes
- Secondary bacterial infections
That’s why it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible if you notice any signs of a fungal toenail infection. Early treatment can prevent these complications and help you get rid of the infection quickly.
When to see a doctor
If you think you might have nail fungus, you should see a doctor. It can be tough to tell for sure on your own, and a doctor can help you figure out the best treatment plan.
Definitely make an appointment if:
- Definitely make an appointment if over-the-counter treatments, like antifungal nail polish, aren’t working.
- The infection is severe or painful.
- You have diabetes or a weakened immune system.
These situations require professional medical attention to avoid complications.
How to prevent toenail fungus
The best way to deal with toenail fungus is to not get it in the first place. Here are some practical tips to help you avoid a fungal toenail infection:
- Keep your toenails clean and dry, and remember to disinfect your tools; for example, learn about fungus on nail clippers and easy disinfecting techniques.
- Wash your hands and feet frequently with soap and water.
- Dry your feet thoroughly after washing.
- Use an antifungal foot powder daily.
- Moisturize your toenails.
- Trim your toenails straight across and smooth the edges with a file.
- Wear absorbent socks and change them if they get damp.
- Choose shoes made from breathable materials.
- Always wear footwear in public pool areas and locker rooms.
- Treat athlete’s foot promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Should I cut my toenail off if it has fungus?
No, you shouldn’t attempt to cut off a fungal toenail yourself. Doing so can increase your risk of infection and complications. It’s best to consult a podiatrist or doctor who can assess the situation and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include prescription medications or professional nail trimming.
Will a black toenail heal itself?
A black toenail caused by trauma, like stubbing your toe, might heal on its own as a new nail grows in. However, if the blackness is due to a fungal infection (especially if accompanied by thickening or crumbling), it won’t heal without treatment. Fungal infections require antifungal medications to clear the infection and allow healthy nail growth.
What happens if you have toenail fungus for too long?
If left untreated for an extended period, toenail fungus can worsen, causing the nail to thicken, become more discolored, and potentially separate from the nail bed. It can also spread to other toenails or even fingernails. In severe cases, it can cause pain and difficulty walking, and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections.
What are the stages of toenail fungus turning black?
Toenail fungus doesn’t always turn black. Typically, it starts with white or yellow spots under the nail. As it progresses, the nail may thicken, become brittle, and develop a foul odor. Black discoloration can occur in later stages, often due to debris accumulating under the nail or a secondary bacterial infection. The color itself is not necessarily indicative of the severity, but any changes should be evaluated by a professional.
Does hydrogen peroxide get rid of toenail fungus?
While some people try hydrogen peroxide as a home remedy, its effectiveness against toenail fungus is limited. It might help disinfect the surface of the nail, but it likely won’t penetrate deep enough to eradicate the fungal infection. Prescription antifungal medications, either topical or oral, are generally required for successful treatment.
In Conclusion
Black fungus toenail, also known as melanonychia, can appear for several reasons, including injury, certain medical conditions, or even just as a normal variation. If you notice a dark streak on your nail, it’s important to get it checked out by a doctor to rule out anything serious and get the right treatment if needed. Early detection and treatment, as well as beginning nail fungus prevention tips, are key to keeping your feet healthy.