When you hear the word “snakeroot,” you might think of several different plants. What’s more, each plant has distinct properties, so it’s important to be precise when discussing their uses and potential dangers.
This article will explore what snakeroot extract is used for, including potential benefits and risks. We’ll focus on two plants most often referred to as snakeroot: Rauwolfia serpentina (also called Rauwolfia vomitoria) and Aristolochia serpentaria.
We’ll start by looking at traditional uses for snakeroot, then examine the mechanisms of action behind the plant’s effects. We’ll also cover safety concerns and why it’s always important to consult with qualified healthcare professionals before using any kind of snakeroot extract.
Because the different snakeroots have unique properties, it is crucial to be clear about which plant is being discussed.
What is snakeroot extract used for?
Snakeroot extract comes from plants in the Rauwolfia genus. The two species you’re most likely to encounter in discussions of herbal medicine are Rauwolfia serpentina and Rauwolfia vomitoria. Here’s a look at how people have traditionally used these plants and how modern science is exploring their potential.
Traditional Uses
For centuries, traditional healers have turned to snakeroot for a variety of ailments, including:
- High blood pressure
- Anxiety
- Snakebites (hence the name!)
There’s even a story that Mahatma Gandhi used Rauwolfia tea for its calming effects. Snakeroot has also been used to treat irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia) and headaches.
Modern Applications and Research
Today, researchers are investigating snakeroot for its potential in:
- Managing hypertension: Reserpine, a key component of snakeroot, has shown effectiveness in lowering blood pressure. Some studies suggest its effects are comparable to those of first-line hypertension medications. One study of elderly patients with stage II hypertension showed that Rauwolfia decreased arterial pressure and increased the amount of oxygen in their tissues.
- Reducing anxiety and improving sleep: A trial of Serpina, another compound found in snakeroot, showed good tolerability, sedation, and improved sleep quality in study participants.
How does it work?
Reserpine works by reducing sympathetic tone and increasing parasympathetic activity in the body. This means it helps to calm down the “fight or flight” response and promote relaxation. It also depletes catecholamines, which are neurotransmitters like adrenaline that play a role in stress and alertness. The effects of reserpine on the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system may take time to appear.
Rauwolfia serpentina/vomitoria: Safety, dosage, and things to keep in mind
As with any herbal remedy, you need to be aware of the potential side effects and risks of using snakeroot.
Safety concerns
Potential side effects from the reserpine in snakeroot include:
- muscle weakness
- fatigue
- impotence
- depression
- dyskinesia (uncontrolled, involuntary muscle movements)
- akathisia (restlessness and an inability to sit still)
Also, long-term use may cause liver damage, so your healthcare provider may want to monitor your liver function regularly.
Animal studies have shown that high doses of snakeroot extract may have teratogenic effects, meaning it can harm the developing heart of a fetus.
It’s also worth noting that isolated reserpine is more likely to cause side effects than whole plant extracts.
Dosage recommendations
If you’re considering using snakeroot, it’s best to start with a low dose and increase it gradually. A typical dosage of powdered whole extract is 50–300 mg daily. Start with a small dose and monitor how you feel for 10-14 days before increasing it.
Environmental considerations
Rauwolfia serpentina is endangered, but Rauwolfia vomitoria is readily available. When you’re buying herbal remedies, it’s important to choose brands that source their ingredients sustainably.
Aristolochia serpentaria: Toxicity and Limited Uses
Aristolochia serpentaria, also known as Virginia snakeroot, contains aristolochic acids, which are highly toxic to humans. Both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union (EU) have issued warnings and restrictions about products containing aristolochic acids.
Toxicity of Aristolochia serpentaria
The toxicity of aristolochic acids includes:
- Carcinogenicity (the ability to cause cancer)
- Nephrotoxicity (the ability to damage the kidneys)
Traditional Uses vs. Modern Understanding
In the past, snakeroot was used to treat a wide variety of ailments. But modern scientific evidence contradicts those uses because of the plant’s toxicity.
Research on Potential Benefits (Weighing Risks)
Researchers have investigated some potential benefits of snakeroot extract in animal studies and in the lab:
- Some studies show that snakeroot extract may have inhibitory effects on tumor growth. But any potential benefit is outweighed by the toxicity of the plant.
- Limited studies suggest snakeroot may neutralize certain snake venoms.
- Snakeroot may have uses as an insecticide.
It’s important to note that none of these potential uses have been proven safe or effective in humans.
Aristolochia serpentaria: Safety precautions and warnings
You can still find snakeroot extract for sale online, but, in general, you should use it with caution.
Risks associated with use
The main concern with snakeroot extract is the presence of aristolochic acids, which are known to be toxic.
There have been case reports of kidney damage, including end-stage renal disease, and aristolochic acid-related DNA adducts in the kidney tissue of some patients who took snakeroot extract.
Recommendations
Health professionals recommend that you avoid using Aristolochia extracts.
If you are considering herbal supplements, talk to a healthcare provider first, and be cautious about products that contain aristolochic acids.
It’s also a good idea to let your doctor know about all the supplements you’re taking before any medical procedures.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between snakeroot and boneset?
While both snakeroot (various species, often Ageratina altissima or Eupatorium serotinum) and boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) are traditional medicinal plants, they have distinct properties and uses. Snakeroot, particularly black snakeroot, has historically been used for snakebites and nervous conditions. Boneset, on the other hand, is commonly used for flu-like symptoms, fever, and muscle aches.
What was the milk sickness in the 1800s?
Milk sickness was a poisoning that occurred in the 19th century, primarily in the Midwest, caused by consuming milk or meat from cows that had eaten white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima), highlighting the importance of understanding incubation periods for fungi and bacteria. The plant contains tremetol, a toxic substance that accumulates in the animals and is then passed on to humans, causing severe illness and even death.
How to use snakeroot extract for toenail fungus?
While some anecdotal evidence suggests snakeroot (specifically black snakeroot) might have antifungal properties, there’s limited scientific research to support its use for toenail fungus, unlike neem oil for fungal infections. If considering it, use a diluted extract topically, but proceed with caution and consult a healthcare professional first, as some snakeroot species can be toxic. Other treatments are typically recommended.
What is another name for snakeroot?
The term “snakeroot” is used for several different plants, so it depends on the specific species. Some common names include white snakeroot, black snakeroot, Sampson snakeroot, and button snakeroot. The scientific names can help clarify which plant is being discussed (e.g., Ageratina altissima, Sanicula canadensis, etc.).
What are the side effects of snakeroot?
The side effects of snakeroot depend on the species and the method of use. Some snakeroots, like white snakeroot, are highly toxic and can cause tremetol poisoning. Others may cause mild gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions. It’s crucial to identify the specific species and consult with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider before using snakeroot for any purpose due to potential toxicity risks.
Key Takeaways
It’s important to remember that the name “snakeroot” can refer to different plants, each with its own risks and benefits. Rauwolfia serpentina and Rauwolfia vomitoria have potential therapeutic uses, but because of potential side effects, they should only be used under the careful supervision of a qualified medical professional who can monitor your health and adjust your dosage as needed. Aristolochia serpentaria, on the other hand, is toxic and should be avoided altogether.
Before you start taking any herbal supplement, it’s always best to talk to your doctor or another qualified healthcare provider. They can advise you on how to use it safely, any potential interactions with medications you’re already taking, and what side effects to watch out for.
The research and guidelines around herbal remedies are always evolving, so it’s a good idea to stay up-to-date on the latest information. This way, you can make informed decisions about your health and well-being.