Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection of the nail. It’s more common on toenails than fingernails, probably because toenails are more likely to be confined in dark, moist environments inside your socks and shoes – a perfect breeding ground for fungus.
Typically, nail fungus shows up as white, yellow, or brown discoloration. However, sometimes, nail fungus can appear black. In addition to these colors, the nail may thicken, crack, or even detach from the nail bed.
So, what does black nail fungus look like? What causes it? And how do you treat it? Keep reading to find out, and check out the black nail fungus pictures below to help you identify your symptoms.
What does black nail fungus look like?
Black nail fungus doesn’t always look the same. The appearance varies from person to person.
Sometimes, you’ll see dark streaks or spots on the nail. Other times, the entire nail turns black.
You might also notice that your nail is thicker than usual, brittle, or distorted.
The photos in this article can help you get an idea of what black nail fungus looks like.
However, it’s important to remember that a visual inspection isn’t enough to make a diagnosis. If you think you have black nail fungus, you’ll need to see a doctor to get a diagnosis.
Black nail fungus or something else?
Lots of things can cause your nail to change color. For example, a bruise under your nail (called a subungual hematoma) can look black at first.
Melanonychia, a pigmentation of the nail, can also cause discoloration. Melanonychia can be caused by medications, trauma, or systemic diseases.
How can you tell the difference?
A bruise will usually fade over time as your body reabsorbs the blood. Melanonychia often looks like a dark band that runs lengthwise along your nail.
What causes black nail fungus?
Nail fungus, also called onychomycosis, is an infection that can change the color, thickness, or shape of your toenails or fingernails. You may have seen pictures of yellow or brown toenail fungus, but did you know that nail fungus can also be black?
Types of fungi
Most nail infections are caused by fungi called dermatophytes (like Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton). While these fungi are very common, they rarely cause nails to turn black.
Black nail discoloration is more likely to be caused by non-dermatophyte molds (such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Aspergillus). These molds can produce melanin or other dark pigments that stain the nail, making it appear black or very dark brown.
Risk factors
Some things make it more likely that you’ll get a nail fungus infection in general, such as:
- Poor hygiene habits, like not washing and drying your feet regularly, can increase your risk – using an antifungal body wash may help.
- Trauma to the nail, like stubbing your toe or wearing shoes that are too tight
- Wearing shoes that don’t let your feet breathe
- Having a condition that weakens your immune system
- Having diabetes or peripheral vascular disease
You may be more likely to get black nail fungus if you’re exposed to specific molds in the environment, like in soil or decaying plants. If your nail is cracked or split, it’s also easier for fungus to get inside and cause an infection.
How is black nail fungus diagnosed?
If you suspect that you have black nail fungus, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis rather than trying to self-diagnose based on pictures you find online.
A doctor can perform an examination and order the right tests to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Diagnostic methods
To diagnose black nail fungus, a doctor may use the following methods:
- Visual examination of the nail
- Nail clipping or scraping for laboratory analysis
The lab tests may include:
- Microscopic examination (KOH preparation) to look for fungal elements
- Fungal culture to identify the specific type of fungus
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing for faster, more accurate identification
Ruling out other conditions
It’s important to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as:
- Melanoma of the nail bed
- Subungual hematoma (bruising under the nail)
- Bacterial infections (e.g., Pseudomonas, which can cause green-black discoloration)
Although melanoma of the nail bed is rare, it can be serious and must be ruled out.
Treatment Options for Black Nail Fungus
If you think you have black nail fungus, you’ll want to see a doctor for a diagnosis. Once you know what you’re dealing with, here are some common treatment options.
Topical Antifungal Medications
There are many antifungal treatments you can apply directly to the nail. Common ingredients include ciclopirox, efinaconazole, and tavaborole.
Keep in mind that topical treatments may not be strong enough to deal with severe infections or when the source of the infection is deep under the nail.
Oral Antifungal Medications
For a more serious infection, your doctor may prescribe an oral medication. Common medications include terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole.
Oral medications are often more effective than topical ones when it comes to severe infections. However, they can come with side effects, and you’ll likely need regular blood tests to monitor your liver function.
Other Treatment Options
Sometimes, other treatment options are necessary.
- Surgical nail removal: In severe cases, or when other treatments haven’t worked, your doctor may recommend removing the nail entirely.
- Laser therapy: Laser therapy works by targeting and killing the fungus with concentrated light.
- Debridement (nail trimming): Regular nail trimming to remove infected tissue can help improve the effectiveness of other treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is hydrogen peroxide good for toenail fungus?
While some people try hydrogen peroxide for toenail fungus, and others consider baking soda for toenail fungus, its effectiveness is limited. It might lighten the nail’s appearance temporarily, but it doesn’t penetrate deeply enough to eliminate the fungus. Prescription or over-the-counter antifungal treatments are usually more effective.
How do you get rid of black fungal nails?
Getting rid of black fungal nails typically requires prescription antifungal medications, either oral or topical. The black color often indicates a more severe or long-standing infection. See a doctor or podiatrist for diagnosis and treatment recommendations. They might also suggest nail trimming or debridement to help the medication penetrate.
What autoimmune disease causes nail fungus?
Autoimmune diseases themselves don’t directly cause nail fungus. However, some autoimmune conditions or the medications used to treat them can weaken the immune system, potentially making you more susceptible to fungal infections, including nail fungus. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns about your immune system and nail health.
What happens if you have toenail fungus for too long?
If left untreated for too long, toenail fungus can worsen, causing thickening, crumbling, and discoloration of the nail. It can also spread to other nails or even the surrounding skin. In severe cases, it can cause pain and difficulty walking. Early treatment is always best.
Is it bad to pick at toenail fungus?
Yes, it’s generally bad to pick at toenail fungus. Picking can spread the infection to other nails or skin, and it can also introduce other bacteria, leading to a secondary infection. It’s better to keep your nails trimmed and seek professional treatment.
In Summary
Black nail fungus is a fungal infection that can cause discoloration of your nail, making it appear black, green, or brown. If you think you have black nail fungus, it’s important to get a professional diagnosis from a doctor or podiatrist, since other conditions can cause nail discoloration.
If you do have nail fungus, early treatment is important. Nail fungus can spread to other nails or even other people. It can also cause pain and discomfort. See a doctor right away to get treatment and prevent further complications.