Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a really common condition that can affect your fingernails or toenails. It’s estimated that onychomycosis accounts for about half of all nail problems that doctors see.
If you have nail fungus, you might notice changes in the color, thickness, or shape of your nails, including the possibility of green fingernail fungus. Sometimes, you might even see black dots appearing in or under the nail.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at those black dots: what they mean, what causes them, and how to treat them. Understanding what’s going on with your nails is the first step toward managing and preventing nail fungus and its less-than-desirable symptoms, like nail fungus black dots.
What is onychomycosis?
Onychomycosis is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail. It’s more common in toenails than fingernails, and it’s more likely to affect older people and males.
There are several types of onychomycosis:
- Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis: This is the most common kind.
- White superficial onychomycosis: This is another common type of nail fungus.
- Proximal subungual onychomycosis: This type is less common, and it’s often seen in people who have a weakened immune system.
If you notice symptoms such as nail discoloration, thickening, or crumbling, it’s a good idea to see a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. It’s important to get treatment as soon as possible to prevent the infection from spreading and causing further damage to the nail.
Black dots in nail fungus: What do they signify?
So, you’ve got nail fungus, and now you’re noticing black dots. What’s the deal with that?
These dots can show up in a few different ways. They might be tiny, like pinpricks, or they could be bigger and messier looking.
Here’s what those black dots could mean:
- Fungal debris: Those black dots might just be a build-up of the fungus itself, or the pigment it makes.
- Subungual hematoma: Basically, a bruise under your nail. Remember banging your toe? It’s important to rule this out as the cause of the black dots.
- Pigment production: Some fungi are just darker than others. Certain types produce dark pigments.
If you see these dots, don’t ignore them! You’ll want to get it checked out to figure out exactly what’s going on. It’s easy to get nail fungus confused with other conditions, so it’s always best to speak with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns.
Causes and risk factors of nail fungus
If you’ve got nail fungus, the culprit is often a type of fungus called a dermatophyte. The most common dermatophytes are Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum. In fact, dermatophytes are responsible for more than 90% of nail fungus cases.
Other fungi, such as yeasts from the Candida spp. family, and other opportunistic molds, can also cause nail fungus.
Some things that increase your risk of getting nail fungus include:
- Age: The older you are, the more likely you are to get it.
- Underlying health conditions: This includes diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, and anything that weakens your immune system.
- Lifestyle factors: Sweaty feet, exposure to places where fungi thrive (like public pools and locker rooms), and having athlete’s foot can all increase your risk.
Diagnosis and treatment options
If you think you have nail fungus, it’s best to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
A doctor will be able to diagnose nail fungus by:
- Looking at the nail.
- Sending nail clippings or scrapings to a lab for testing to identify the specific type of fungus.
Treatment options
Treatment for nail fungus can vary depending on the severity of the infection.
- Topical antifungal therapy: Mild cases of nail fungus may respond to topical medications.
- Oral antifungal medications: More severe or persistent infections may require oral medication.
- Other treatments: Laser therapy and photodynamic therapy are newer treatment options that can be effective for some people.
- Surgical removal: In rare cases, surgical removal of the nail may be necessary.
The key is to see a doctor and get started on a treatment plan.
Prevention and management
A few simple habits can go a long way in preventing and managing nail fungus:
- Hygiene practices: Wash your hands and feet regularly, and keep your nails trimmed short. Always dry your feet thoroughly, especially in between your toes.
- Lifestyle adjustments: Wear shoes that allow your feet to breathe, and choose moisture-wicking socks. Try not to walk barefoot in public places like locker rooms and pool areas.
- Nail care: Always disinfect your nail clippers after you use them. Don’t share nail clippers or files with others.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the black specks in my nails?
Black specks in your nails can be caused by several things. Most commonly, they’re splinter hemorrhages – tiny bleeds under the nail caused by minor trauma. However, they could also indicate a fungal infection, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like thickening or discoloration. In rare cases, they might be a sign of something more serious, so it’s best to get them checked out.
What do B12 deficiency nails look like?
B12 deficiency can manifest in your nails in a few ways. You might see bluish discoloration, longitudinal dark streaks, or hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the nails. They can also become brittle, thin, and easily breakable. If you suspect a B12 deficiency based on your nails and other symptoms, consult your doctor for a blood test.
What does a black dot nail mean?
A single black dot on your nail, especially if it’s new and growing, warrants a visit to a dermatologist. While often harmless (like a bruise), it could potentially be a sign of melanoma, a type of skin cancer. It’s always better to be safe and have it professionally evaluated.
What kills black nail fungus?
Treating nail fungus, even when it presents with black discoloration, typically involves antifungal medications. These can be topical (applied directly to the nail) or oral (taken by mouth). Oral medications are generally more effective for severe infections. Laser therapy is another option to consider. Consult a doctor for the most appropriate treatment plan.
Does toenail fungus go black when it dies?
Not necessarily. While dead nail tissue can sometimes appear darker, the black color is usually associated with the type of fungus or the presence of debris under the nail. Don’t assume the fungus is dead just because the nail is black. Continue treatment as prescribed until your doctor confirms the infection is cleared.
Key Takeaways
Nail fungus is a common condition that can cause discoloration, thickening, and even pain in your nails, including yellow toenails. Black dots under your nails can sometimes indicate a fungal infection, though they can also be caused by other issues.
Early diagnosis and treatment is key to stopping nail fungus from spreading and causing further complications. You can prevent nail fungus by keeping your feet clean and dry, wearing breathable shoes, and avoiding sharing nail clippers or files.
If you notice any changes in your nails, especially black dots or other signs of infection, see a doctor or podiatrist. They can diagnose the problem and recommend the best treatment for you.