Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection that can affect your toenails. The infection is caused by microscopic organisms, including fungi, yeast, and bacteria.
Toenail fungus can be stubborn and tricky to treat, so it’s important to understand what it is and how to manage it effectively. Early detection and the right treatment can help prevent complications and keep the infection from coming back.
In this article, we’ll explore how toenail fungus is diagnosed, what treatments are available (including medications and surgery), lifestyle and home remedies, alternative medicine approaches, and how to prepare for an appointment with your healthcare provider if you think you have a fungi nail toe and foot infection.
Diagnosing toenail fungus
Toenail fungus is pretty easy to spot. If you see a nail that’s getting thick, discolored, brittle, or just plain distorted, that could be a sign of toenail fungus. Sometimes, the nail will even start to pull away from the nail bed.
To diagnose toenail fungus, your doctor will start by giving your nail a good look. Then, they’ll probably take some nail clippings to send off to the lab. This helps them confirm it’s fungus and figure out exactly what kind it is.
If you’ve tried treating it yourself and it’s not getting better, or if it’s getting worse, it’s time to see a doctor. People with diabetes or weak immune systems should get checked out right away.
Treatments for toenail fungus
If you think you have a toenail fungus, see a healthcare provider for advice. There are several ways to treat toenail fungus, including topical medications, oral medications, surgical options, and laser treatments.
Topical medications
These are medications that you apply directly to your toenail.
Antifungal nail polish
Ciclopirox is one common topical treatment that you brush on like nail polish. You may have to apply it every day for almost a year.
Antifungal creams and solutions
Efinaconazole and tavaborole are other topical treatments that can get down into the nail bed to kill the fungus. Thinning the nail can help topical medications work better.
Oral medications
These are medications that you swallow in pill form.
Antifungal pills
Itraconazole is a common oral antifungal medication. It can take months before you see results.
Things to consider
Oral antifungal drugs can have side effects and interact with other medications you’re taking. They may also not be as effective in older adults.
Surgical options
In severe cases, you may need surgery.
Nail removal
If your toenail is severely infected, your doctor may recommend removing it altogether. This allows you to apply topical medications directly to the nail bed.
Laser treatments
Laser therapy is a newer treatment that uses concentrated light to target the fungus. How well laser treatment works can vary from person to person.
Lifestyle and home remedies
There are a few things you can do at home to help manage your toenail fungus, although keep in mind that these are generally less effective than prescription medications. If your toenail fungus is severe, make sure to see a doctor.
Proper nail care
- Keep your toenails trimmed and filed.
- Use a urea-containing cream to soften your nails before trimming or filing.
Hygiene practices
- Wear breathable socks and shoes.
- Don’t walk around barefoot in public places.
- Dry your feet thoroughly after washing them.
Over-the-counter treatments
- Some over-the-counter antifungal creams may help, especially for mild infections.
Exploring alternative medicine
Some people try alternative medicine to treat their fungal nail and foot infections. Here are some of the most popular options:
- Tea tree oil: Some studies show that tea tree oil has antifungal properties. You can apply it directly to the infected nail.
- Nutritional supplements: Biotin is a supplement that may help strengthen weak or brittle nails. Ask your doctor whether you should take biotin or any other supplements.
Keep in mind that alternative remedies shouldn’t replace medical treatments. Always talk to a doctor before trying any of these treatments. The effectiveness of alternative medicine treatments can vary from person to person.
Preparing for your appointment
Before you see a provider for your toenail fungus, here are some things you should do to make the appointment more effective:
- Document your symptoms: Keep a record of your symptoms and how they change over time. It can help you track whether treatments are working.
- Gather information: Have a list of your personal information, health history, and any medications you take.
- Formulate questions: Write down any questions you have about the fungus or its treatment. Be sure to ask about all your treatment options and what the risks and benefits are.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does fungi look like on toes?
Toe fungus typically manifests as thickened, discolored (yellowish or brownish), and brittle toenails. You might also notice white or yellow spots underneath the nail, or the nail separating from the nail bed. On the foot, fungal infections can cause itchy, scaly skin, especially between the toes (athlete’s foot).
How do you get rid of foot and toenail fungus?
Treatment options vary depending on severity. Mild cases may respond to over-the-counter antifungal creams or solutions. More severe infections often require prescription oral antifungal medications or topical treatments. Laser therapy and nail removal are other options in some cases. Consult a doctor or podiatrist for the best course of action.
What not to do with toenail fungus?
Don’t ignore it! Untreated toenail fungus can worsen and spread. Avoid sharing nail clippers or files, and don’t wear tight-fitting shoes that trap moisture. Picking at or attempting to cut out the infected nail yourself can lead to further complications and infections.
What is the number one cure for toenail fungus?
There isn’t a single “number one” cure that works for everyone. The most effective treatment depends on the specific type of fungus, the severity of the infection, and individual factors. Prescription oral antifungals are often considered the most effective, but they also carry potential side effects. Consult with your doctor to determine the best option for you.
Why does Vicks VapoRub work on nail fungus?
While some people report success using Vicks VapoRub for nail fungus, it’s not a scientifically proven treatment. It contains ingredients like camphor, eucalyptus oil, and menthol, which may have antifungal properties and can help soften the nail, allowing other treatments to penetrate better. However, its effectiveness is anecdotal, and it’s not a substitute for proven medical treatments.
Closing Thoughts
Toenail fungus needs to be taken seriously. It’s important to get diagnosed properly, start treatment, and do what you can to keep it from coming back. Treating toenail fungus can take a long time, and it’s possible for the infection to return even after treatment.
Talk with your doctor about your toenail fungus. They can give you an accurate diagnosis and help you come up with a treatment plan that’s right for you.
Taking care of your feet and keeping your toenails clean and trimmed is a good way to keep fungus from growing in the future.