Nail infections are common, and they can affect the health and appearance of your fingernails and toenails. No one wants to deal with the unsightliness of an infected nail, but beyond that, if left untreated, nail infections can lead to further complications.
Often, people use the terms “nail mold” and “nail fungus” interchangeably, but that’s not quite accurate. While both conditions can cause discoloration and damage to your nails, they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments. That’s why it’s vital to understand the difference between nail mold vs fungus.
This article will help you understand the differences between these two conditions. We’ll explore their causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention strategies, so you can take the best possible care of your nails.
Accurate diagnosis is key to effective treatment. If you’re dealing with a nail infection, getting the correct diagnosis is essential, because misdiagnosis can lead to ineffective treatment and a prolonged infection. When you’re able to identify the specific issue affecting your nails, you can take the right steps to restore their health and beauty.
If you notice unusual discoloration or changes in your nails, it’s always best to seek professional medical advice for proper diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare provider can accurately identify the underlying cause of your nail problems and recommend the most appropriate course of action.
Defining nail fungus (onychomycosis)
It can be hard to tell whether you have nail mold or nail fungus. Here’s a breakdown of what you need to know about nail fungus.
What is nail fungus?
Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common fungal infection of the nails. It’s frequently caused by dermatophytes, which are microscopic, parasitic fungi that love moisture and keratin, the main protein that makes up our nails and skin.
Types of nail fungus
While dermatophytes are the most common culprits, yeasts and nondermatophyte molds can also cause nail infections. So, the term “nail fungus” actually encompasses a variety of fungal infections.
Symptoms of nail fungus
Nail fungus can be unsightly and uncomfortable. Common symptoms include:
- Discoloration (yellowish, brownish, or whitish)
- Thickening of the nail
- Brittleness
- Separation of the nail from the nail bed
In some cases, a foul odor may also be present.
What is nail mold?
When you start to notice changes in your nails, it can be alarming. Are those spots nail mold, or are they nail fungus? Though it’s not something most people talk about, both are common problems.
Nail mold is a fungal infection that can affect your fingernails and toenails. It often appears as discoloration or changes to the surface of the nail. Nail mold isn’t as common as nail fungus, but it can still make a home in the area around your nail.
Types of nail mold
Nail mold infections are typically caused by nondermatophyte molds. Certain molds can cause fungal melanonychia, which leads to dark discoloration of the nail.
Symptoms of nail mold
Nail mold often shows up as white or yellow patches on the nail. It can also cause:
- Discoloration
- Thickening
- Changes in nail texture
It’s important to note that changes in nail texture or color can be related to all sorts of things, so if you notice something new, you may want to consult with a healthcare professional.
Key Differences Between Nail Mold and Nail Fungus
While the terms “nail mold” and “nail fungus” are often used interchangeably, they are, in fact, different. Let’s break down the main differences:
- What causes them? Nail fungus is usually caused by dermatophytes, a specific type of fungus. Nail mold, on the other hand, is generally caused by nondermatophyte molds.
- What do they look like? Nail fungus often shows up as yellow, brown, or even dark discoloration on the nail. Nail mold typically appears as white or yellow patches.
- Do they smell? Nail fungus infections sometimes come with a foul odor, which is less common with nail mold.
It’s important to remember that both nail mold and nail fungus can cause nail issues. To get a proper diagnosis, it’s best to seek professional medical advice. A doctor can examine the affected nail and determine whether it’s a mold or a fungus that’s causing the problem.
To reiterate, nail mold and nail fungus are not the same thing!
What causes nail problems?
Both nail fungus and nail mold can be frustrating and unsightly. It’s helpful to know how people get these conditions in the first place.
Causes of nail fungus
Nail fungus often comes from exposure to dermatophytes, a kind of fungus that thrives in damp places like public showers and swimming pools. So, walking around barefoot in those locations may increase your risk.
Other things that raise your risk for nail fungus include:
- Poor hygiene
- Wearing shoes that are too tight
- Nail injuries
- Weakened immune system
Causes of nail mold
Nail mold usually develops after being exposed to molds that grow in damp or humid environments. Just like with nail fungus, a nail injury or compromised nail health can make you more likely to get a nail mold infection.
Shared risk factors
Both nail mold and nail fungus love moist environments. Plus, when you don’t practice good nail hygiene, you’re giving these unwelcome guests an open invitation.
Certain health conditions, like diabetes and psoriasis, can also make you more prone to these types of infections.
Treatment Options: A Comparative Overview
Nail fungus and nail mold can both be stubborn, but they need different approaches to clear them up.
Treating Nail Fungus
If your nail has a fungal infection, your doctor might recommend:
- Topical antifungal medications: These are creams, gels, or lacquers that you apply directly to the nail. They’re often used for mild to moderate infections.
- Oral antifungal medications: These are pills that you take by mouth. They’re generally more effective than topical treatments, but they can have side effects, so your doctor will monitor you carefully.
- Nail removal or laser therapy: In severe cases, your doctor might suggest removing the nail or using laser therapy to kill the fungus.
Keep in mind that treating nail fungus can take a long time. You might not see results for several months.
Treating Nail Mold
For nail mold, treatment options include:
- Topical antifungal medications: These can help clear up the mold infection.
- Oral antifungals: In some cases, your doctor might prescribe oral antifungals, especially if the infection is severe.
The best treatment approach depends on the type of mold and how bad the infection is.
Home Remedies and Their Limitations
You might have heard about home remedies like tea tree oil or vinegar soaks, or even unconventional treatments like Listerine for fingernail fungus. While these might offer some temporary relief, they’re not a substitute for medical treatment. They may help with certain symptoms, but they’re unlikely to get rid of the infection completely.
It’s important to talk to your doctor before trying any home remedies. They might not be effective for all types of infections, and they could even make the problem worse.
The bottom line is that it’s best to get a diagnosis from a healthcare professional and follow their recommended treatment plan. That’s the most effective way to get rid of nail fungus or nail mold and keep your nails healthy.
Prevention strategies for healthy nails
The best treatment, of course, is prevention. Here’s how to keep your nails healthy and avoid problems like mold and fungus:
- Keep your nails clean and dry. Wash your hands and feet regularly, and dry them thoroughly, especially between your toes.
- Wear well-fitting, breathable shoes. This helps prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to both mold and fungal growth.
- Avoid walking barefoot in public areas. Public showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools are breeding grounds for fungal infections. Wear sandals or shoes in these areas.
- Don’t share personal items. Nail clippers, files, and even towels can spread infections.
- Trim your nails regularly. Trim them straight across and avoid cutting them too short, which can increase the risk of ingrown toenails and infections.
- Get medical attention early. If you notice any changes in your nails, such as discoloration, thickening, or separation from the nail bed, see a doctor right away. Early treatment can prevent the infection from spreading and becoming more difficult to treat.
- Maintain a healthy immune system. A strong immune system can help your body fight off infections. Eat a healthy diet, get enough sleep, and manage stress.
Special considerations: Nail infections in specific populations
While nail infections can happen to anyone, some people are more at risk than others.
Children
Nail infections can happen in children, but they’re not as common as they are in adults. If your child has a nail that looks discolored, thickened, or otherwise abnormal, check with your pediatrician. They can help you figure out whether it’s a mold, fungus, or something else entirely. If it is a nail infection, your pediatrician can recommend a gentle treatment option.
Elderly people
As we age, our circulation slows down, and our nails grow more slowly. These changes can make older adults more prone to nail infections. It’s important for elderly people to keep a close eye on their nails and seek treatment for any abnormalities as soon as possible.
People with diabetes
People with diabetes are also at higher risk for nail infections. That’s because diabetes can affect circulation and immune function, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. If you have diabetes, it’s important to take extra care of your feet and nails. Check your feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or other problems. See a podiatrist regularly for checkups and treatment.
Prompt treatment for any nail problems is essential for people with diabetes. A seemingly minor infection can quickly turn into a more serious problem if it’s not treated promptly. The same is true for a seemingly minor cut or scrape on the foot.
Common Myths and Misconceptions
There are a lot of myths out there about nail mold and fungus, so let’s clear some of them up right now:
- Myth: Nail mold and fungus are always caused by poor hygiene.
Fact: While poor hygiene can contribute, it’s not the only cause. Even people with excellent hygiene can get nail infections. Trauma to the nail, certain medical conditions, and even just wearing tight shoes can create an environment where these things thrive. - Myth: Nail infections only affect older people.
Fact: Anyone can get a nail infection, regardless of age. Older folks are more susceptible because their nails tend to be drier and more brittle, but kids and young adults can get them too. - Myth: Nail infections are easy to cure.
Fact: Not always! They can be stubborn and often require consistent, long-term treatment. Don’t expect a quick fix. - Myth: Over-the-counter treatments are just as good as prescription medications.
Fact: Sometimes, but often not. OTC treatments can help with mild cases, but prescription treatments are usually stronger and more effective for stubborn or severe infections. Talk to your doctor about the best approach for your situation.
The Bottom Line
Nail mold and nail fungus can look similar, but they’re different. Nail mold is usually caused by moisture trapped under an artificial nail, as discussed in our guide on fungus risk associated with press on nails, while nail fungus is an infection. Getting the right diagnosis is critical for getting the right treatment.
Treatment for nail mold involves removing the artificial nail and keeping the area clean and dry. Nail fungus, on the other hand, often requires prescription antifungal medications, either topical or oral. Prevention is key for both: keep your nails clean and dry, and avoid artificial nails if you’re prone to problems.
If you notice any unusual discoloration or have a nail infection that just won’t go away, it’s always best to see a doctor or podiatrist. They can properly diagnose the problem and recommend the most effective treatment. Proactive nail care and regular checkups are the best way to keep your nails healthy and prevent problems from developing in the first place.